HomePerspectivesIndigenous Watchdog Status Updates – March 31, 2021
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Indigenous Watchdog Status Updates – March 31, 2021
STATUS CHANGE
Call to Action # 32 “Amend criminal code to depart from mandatory minimum sentences” changed from STALLED to IN PROGRESS
Call to Action # 41 “Appoint public inquiry into MMIWG” changed from “STALLED” to “IN PROGRESS”
What’s Happening with Reconciliation
The following table provides a quantitative look into what is happening with reconciliation across all the Calls to Action including a snapshot of all the actions from 2020:
Current Reality – a significant action within one of the Calls to Action that advances reconciliation – or not!
Current Problems and Issues – Specific actions that create significant roadblocks to reconciliation
Legacy Calls to Action: Child Welfare, Education, Language and Culture, Health, Justice
Education includes “Education for Reconciliation (C2A 62-65)
Justice includes “Equity for Aboriginal People in the Justice System (C2A 50-52)
Reconciliation Calls to Action – UNDRIP, Royal Proclamation and Covenant and 13 other themes
Section
2020
Mar. 31
May 31
July 31
Sept. 30
Current Reality
26
5
Current Problems and Issues
189
55
Legacy Calls to Action
96
35
Reconciliation Calls to Action
55
5
Total
366
100
Indigenous Watchdog Status Update March 31, 2021
NOTES:
Current Problems and Issues
8 are the same issues with both UNDRIP (8) and Royal Proclamation (8) relating specifically to Aboriginal and Treaty Rights
15 are specific to Indigenous health issues including some updates to previously identified issues
13 are specific to Indigenous justice issues including some updates to previously identified issues
How to read each of the two kinds of tables:
Call to Action Home Page
Row 1 = Name of Call to Action Home Page
Row 2 = Section of Home Page
Row 3 = Where in the Call to Action is the content located?
Row 4 = Summary of content
Call to Action Table
Row 1 = What is the specific Call to Action #
Row 2 = Description of what outcome the Call to Action recommends from a specific stakeholder
Row 3 = Where in the Call to Action is the content located?
Row 4 = Summary of new content
For complete details on each of the content updates, please go the relevant Call to Action Home Page or Call to Action # for full details.
Child Welfare
Child Welfare Home Page
Current Reality
Update to Federal Actions
March 23, 2021 – The Honourable Marc Miller, Minister of Indigenous Services Canada, announced the launch of a call for proposals to support Indigenous Peoples, communities, and groups as they begin work to develop their own legislation and explore Indigenous-led models for child and family services.
Update to Provincial Actions
Jan. 25, 2021 – Saskatchewan announced that they will end the use of Birth Alerts to apprehend Indigenous babies at birth on Feb. 1, 2021 as will PEI
Update to Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
Mar. 12, 2021 – The federal government filed its written submissions to the federal court on its application for judicial reviews on the issues of compensation and the definition of a First Nation’s child for the purposes of Jordan’s Principle eligibility
Child Welfare Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Child Welfare
Update to “Child and Youth Advocate Reports”:BC Child and Youth Advocate report “Detained: Rights of Children and Youth under the Mental Health Act
Jan. 19, 2021 – The unique significance of how First Nations, Métis, Inuit and urban Indigenous people experience mental health detentions is also considered in this report, given the multitude of ways in which the rights and freedoms of Indigenous peoples have been limited and interfered with throughout colonization, residential schools and the child welfare system
Child Welfare Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Child Welfare
Update to “Child and Youth Advocate Reports”:Joint Submission to the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous People”: Study on the rights of the Indigenous child under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples”
Mar. 2, 2021 – Submitted by The Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth (MACY) and the First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, the report discusses the international and national human rights framework as it relates to structural inequalities and Indigenous children’s right to continuous improvement of health with a particular focus on infant mortality and youth suicide in Manitoba
Child Welfare Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Child Welfare
Update to “Child and Youth Advocate Reports”:Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth released a new special report, “Still Waiting: Investigating Child Maltreatment after the Phoenix Sinclair Inquiry”
Mar. 11, 2021 – According to the Advocate’s analysis, 55 per cent of the Phoenix Sinclair Inquiry recommendations have been completed so far, seven years after the release of the report. “Still Waiting” adds another 5 recommendations
Call to Action # 1
Commit to reducing the number of Aboriginal children in care
Update to “Why In Progress?”
Feb. 1, 2021 – Saskatchewan and PEI have ended the practice of Birth Alerts as of Feb, 1, 2021
Update to “Federal, Provincial, Territory Commitments to Child Welfare”: Saskatchewan and PEI
Jan. 25, 2021 – Saskatchewan announced that they will end the practice on Feb. 1, 2021 as will PEI
Call to Action # 3
Fully Implement Jordan’s Principle
Update to “Why In Progress”
Mar. 12, 2021 – The federal government filed its written submissions to the federal court on its application for judicial reviews on the issues of compensation and the definition of a First Nation’s child for the purposes of Jordan’s Principle eligibility
Call to Action # 3
Fully implement Jordan’s Principle
Update to “Government Actions to Implement Jordan’s Principle”: Federal Government
Dec. 22, 2021 – Expanded eligibility under Jordan’s Principle to children who are recognized as members by their nation regardless of where they live in Canada on an ongoing basis. Mar. 12, 2021 – The federal government filed its written submissions to the federal court on its application for judicial reviews on the issues of compensation and the definition of a First Nation’s child for the purposes of Jordan’s Principle eligibility
Call to Action # 4
Enact Indigenous Child Welfare legislation
Update to “Why In Progress?”and NEW SECTION: Indigenous Services Canada RFP Funding Process
Mar. 23, 2021 – Today, the Honourable Marc Miller, Minister of Indigenous Services Canada, announced the launch of a call for proposals to support Indigenous peoples, communities, and groups as they begin work to develop their own legislation and explore Indigenous-led models for child and family services
Call to Action # 4
Enact Indigenous Child Welfare legislation
Update to “Indigenous Response to Passage of Bill C-192”: Assembly of First Nations – “Our Children, Our Future: Virtual Leadership Gathering on First Nations Child and Family Services and Self-Determination“
AFN will be hosting a series of gatherings focused on First Nations child and family well-being: Jan. 19, 2021 – Introduction to an Act respecting First Nations, Métis and Inuit children, youth and family (the Act) Feb. 9, 2021 – Navigating Indigenous Child and Family Services legislation March 2, 2021 – Asserting Jurisdiction under an Act respecting First Nations, Métis and Inuit children, youth and family (the Act) March 30, 2021 – Upholding the Best Interests of First Nations Children April 13, 2021 – First Nations Child and Family Services Funding Reform – Towards a Needs Based Funding Approach
Education
Education Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Education
Government of Alberta K-6 curriculum review ignores input from Métis people
March 30, 2021 – The Métis Nation of Alberta is calling on the Government of Alberta to redraft its proposed K-6 curriculum, citing monumental concerns about the Euro-American colonial undertones
Call to Action # 12
Develop culturally appropriate early childhood education programs
Update to “Federal Funding for Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework“
March 4, 2021 – Federal government is funding $9.5M over two years for RFP proposals for Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Quality Improvement Projects starting in 2021–22.
Education for Reconciliation
Call to Action # 62i
Consultations on Indigenous education reform: K-12 curriculum content, funding
Update to Why Stalled?”
March 30, 2021 – The Métis Nation of Alberta is calling on the Government of Alberta to redraft its proposed K-6 curriculum, citing monumental concerns about the Euro-American colonial undertones
Language and Culture
Languages and Culture Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Language and Culture
Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (NTI) calls on Members of the Legislative Assembly to reject Bill 25, “An Act to Amend the Education Act and the Inuit Language Protection Act”.
Nov. 4, 2021 – Inuktut, the umbrella term for all Inuit languages, is now to be phased in as a language of instruction over the next 20 years. That means it will take until 2039 for all students to have Inuktut taught as a first language. This is “cultural genocide” according to James Eetoolook, acting president of Nunavut Tunngavik Inc., the land-claims organization that represents the territory’s Inuit
Call to Action # 14
Enact an Indigenous Languages Act
NEW SECTION to be added: “Provincial Responses to TRC Call to Action # 14 for an Aboriginal Languages Act”: Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and Labrador
Jan. 21, 2021 – Canadian Geographic and Métis Nation–Saskatchewan (MN–S) present ‘Paykiiwikay’ Métis Culture Podcast, a new online series exploring the rich Métis culture and Michif language
March 2, 2021 – The Nunatsiavut Government has approved a five-year strategy aimed at preserving, promoting and enhancing Labrador Inuttitut
Health
Health Home Page
Current Reality
Federal Government introduces co-developed distinctions-based health legislation
Jan. 28, 2021 – The announcement came at the conclusion of a two-day virtual meeting on anti-Indigenous racism in Canada’s health care system that aims at giving First Nations, Métis and Inuit people control over the delivery of health care in their communities. In her recent economic update. Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland committed $15.6 million over two years to support the development of Indigenous health care legislation in partnership with First Nations, Inuit and Métis leaders
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Ongoing Health Crisis” – There is no national fire protection code that mandates fire safety standards or enforcement on reserves
March 24, 2021 – Fire-related injuries resulting in hospitalization are also disproportionate to Indigenous Peoples. First Nations people are over 4 times more likely, Métis are over 1.5 times more likely, and Inuit are over 5 times more likely than non-Indigenous people to be hospitalized due to fire-related injuries.
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Systemic Racism in Health” – Premier Doug Ford of Ontario issues a racist comment to Kiiwetinoong NDP MPP Sol Mamakwa
March 23, 2021 – Doug Ford accused the NDP MPP of “jumping the line” to get a vaccine in a First Nation he did not belong to over the objections of First Nations Chiefs when, in fact, he had been invited by the chiefs to receive the vaccine to encourage residents who were reluctant to get the vaccine. After his visit, the vaccine adoption rate went from 10-20% to 99%
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to Health Care Reform” –The Government of Manitoba’s Bill 56 usurps First Nations jurisdiction and infringes on constitutionally protected rights
March 5, 2021 – Manitoba government tables Bill 56 to remove section 9.4 of “The Smoking and Vapour Products Control Amendment Act (the “Smoking Act”)” that “exempts lands reserved for Indians and federal lands” from its application
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to Systemic Racism in Health” – Joint Submission to the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous People: “Study on the rights of the Indigenous child under UNDRIP”
Mar. 2, 2021 – Submitted by The Manitoba Advocate for Children and Youth (MACY) and the First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba, the report discusses the international and national human rights framework as it relates to structural inequalities and Indigenous children’s right to continuous improvement of health with a particular focus on infant mortality and youth suicide in Manitoba
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Ongoing Health Crisis” – Lack of access to basic health services in Inuit Nunangat
Feb. 17, 2021 – Nunavut member of Parliament Mumilaaq Qaqqaq says “The complaints I’m getting about health care are about access to health care more than about discrimination… (it’s) the shortage of resources in notable areas like mental health”
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Government Response to COVID -19”: Indigenous Coalitionwants BC Government to release proximate COVID-19 information
Feb. 9, 2021 – A coalition of First Nations and BC’s Provincial Health Officer have negotiated and are signing information sharing agreements that provide more detailed information about COVID-19 case numbers in nearby communities, and will enable the nations to make more informed decisions on safety measures, and provide risk guidance to their members
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
“Update to Systemic Racism in Health” – Supplemental Report to “In Plain Sight: Racism in BC Health Care System”
Feb. 5, 2021 – Mary Ellen Turpel-Lafond released a supplemental data report that shows Indigenous people in B.C. are much more likely to feel unsafe in health-care settings, to feel they are never included in care decisions and to feel they receive poorer service than others.
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
“Update to Systemic Racism in Health” – Incident of systemic racism involving the City of Winnipeg Fire Dept.
Feb. 3, 2021 – Southern Chiefs Organization – is asking Mayor Brian Bowman along with Fire and Paramedic Services Chief, John Lane, and all relevant officials to take immediate disciplinary action as it relates to an incident of systemic racism
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Government Response to COVID -19”:Manitoba government has left the Métis out of its COVID-19 vaccine task force and plans no vaccination clinics targeted to them
Jan. 15, 2021 – Emails show provincial officials have asked the Manitoba Métis Federation to help combat vaccine hesitancy, and help Métis people travel to vaccination super sites. Yet there is still no invitation to any group that decides the order of precedence for vaccines, despite First Nations being appointed to that task force on Dec. 18 and receiving doses a week ago
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Systemic Racism in Health” – AFN recommendations to eliminate systemic racism in Indigenous health
Jan. 28-29, 2021 – AFN National Chief Perry Bellegarde reiterated recommendations and called for urgency in addressing systemic racism in Canada’s health care systems at a two-day virtual meeting with federal, provincial and territorial ministers and Métis and Inuit leaders that ended today
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Systemic Racism in Health” – Death of Joyce Echaquan provides clear evidence of systemic racism in Quebec Health Care system:
Feb. 11, 2021 – Minister of Indigenous Services, the Honourable Marc Miller, highlighted funding of $2 million to the Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw and the Conseil des Atikamekw de Manawan, Joyce’s community, to advance their work and advocacy for the implementation of Joyce’s Principle. Feb. 26, 2021 – In direct response to the death of Joyce Echaquan, the Québec government announced a number of actions within the Lanaudière region’s health authority that are being promoted as a model for changes throughout Québec
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Health
Update to “Systemic Racism in Health” – Independent investigation into systemic racism in BC Health Care System”
Feb. 5, 2021 – Health Minister Adrian Dix provided an update on his government’s progress on implementing the original 24 recommendations from “In Plain Sight”
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Health
Update to “COVID-19 Response: Failure of BC Government to respond to repeated requests from First Nations…“
Jan. 8, 2021 – An open letter written by Wet’suwet’en Ts’ako ze’ (female chiefs) is being backed by 400 health care workers in B.C. calling on the province to close work camps during the pandemic
Health Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Health
Update to “Systemic Racism in Health” – Native Women’s Association of Canada’s participation in a 2-day national forum on anti-Indigenous racism in Canada’s health care systems – after the death of Joyce Echaquan – was marginalized resulting in Indigenous women’s voices not being heard
Jan. 28, 2021 – Federal, provincial, and territorial governments as well as representatives of the First Nations, Métis and Inuit were all given extensive floor time but not NWAC who were not permitted to give more broadly based opening remarks
Call to Action # 18
Recognize and implement healthcare rights of Indigenous people
Update to “Why In Progress?”and “Federal/Provincial/Territory Recognition of Indigenous Rights to Health: Federal”
Jan. 28, 2021 – Indigenous Services Minister Marc Miller announced the co-development of distinctions-based health legislation with First Nations, Métis and Inuit aimed at giving First Nations, Métis and Inuit people control over the delivery of health care in their communities. The Fall Economic Statement committed $15.6M over two years to support that effort
Call to Action # 18
Recognize and implement healthcare rights of Indigenous people
Update to “Federal/Provincial/Territory Recognition of Indigenous Rights to Health: Ontario”
March 4, 2021 – Ontario government is investing over $12.8 million to immediately expand and enhance culturally appropriate mental health and addictions services for Indigenous peoples, families and communities across the province March 23, 2021 – Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN) celebrate the signing of Relationship Accords with multiple health delivery organizations in Ontario for improved health outcomes for communities and bring meaningful improvement in health care
Call to Action # 19
Establish measurable goals to identify and close health gaps
Update to “Inuit Nunangat Declaration: Elimination of TB”
Mar. 24, 2021 – On World Tuberculosis (TB) Day 2021, Indigenous Services Canada and Inuit Tapariit Kanatami “reaffirm our joint commitment to improving the health of Inuit across Inuit Nunangat through our TB reduction and elimination milestones…
Call to Action # 22
Health leaders to recognize value of Indigenous healing practices and use in health system
Update to “Medical Organization Commitments to Aboriginal Health: Canadian Medical Association
Feb. 27, 2021 – Dr. Alika Fontaine from Treaty 4 territory in southern Saskatchewan is the new President of the Canadian Medical Association
Call to Action # 23
Increase the hiring and retention of Indigenous health care workers
Update to Why In Progress?” and Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) –Framework of Strategies for Nursing Education to Respond to the Calls to Action of Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Nov. 2020 – CASN in partnership with the Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association developed a framework of foundational strategies, recruitment and retention strategies, and curricular strategies for nursing education to advance responses to the TRC
Call to Action # 23 iii
Increase the hiring and retention of Indigenous health care workers
Update to “Commitment to Aboriginal Health Care Workers and Cultural Competency Training – Federal”
Jan. 28, 2021 – Health Minister Patty Hajdu announced $4 million in support for a national consortium, led by Indigenous physicians, to implement projects to educate doctors on the provision of “culturally safe” health care that is “free from discrimination.”
Call to Action # 24
All medical and nursing schools in Canada to require students to take a course on Indigenous health issues
Update to “Why In Progress?”and Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) –Framework of Strategies for Nursing Education to Respond to the Calls to Action of Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Nov. 2020 – CASN in partnership with the Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association developed a framework of foundational strategies, recruitment and retention strategies, and curricular strategies for nursing education to advance responses to the TRC
Heath – Suicide Prevention
Suicide Prevention Home Page
Current Reality
Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. released “2015–16/2016–17Annual Report on the State of Inuit Culture and Society – Resilience on Life”
Jan. 28, 2021 – focuses on pathways to reducing suicide among Nunavut Inuit. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in the territory and remains the most urgent challenge facing Nunavummiut
Health – Drinking Water Advisories
Drinking Water Advisories – Home Page
Current Reality
Auditor General of Canada releases Report 3 “Access to Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities— Indigenous Services Canada”
Feb. 21, 2021 – The report concludes that the support provided by Indigenous Services Canada has not been adequate to address long-standing problems with safe drinking water for many of Canada’s First Nations communities due to an outdated policy and formula for funding the operation and maintenance of public water systems March 31, 2021 – Updated StatsCan status chart of current state of Drinking Water Advisories
Drinking Water Advisories – Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Drinking Water Advisories
Auditor General of Canada releases Report 3 “Access to Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities— Indigenous Services Canada”
Feb. 21, 2021 – The report concludes that the support provided by Indigenous Services Canada has not been adequate to address long-standing problems with safe drinking water for many of Canada’s First Nations communities due to an outdated policy and formula for funding the operation and maintenance of public water systems
Drinking Water Advisories Home Page
NEW SECTION:Auditor General of Canada: Report 3 “Access to Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities”
Feb. 21, 2021 – Auditor General of Canada recommendations and government of Canada responses
Justice
Justice Home Page
Current Realityand Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Erin O’Toole, leader of the Conservative Party, is opposed to any prisoner receiving a COVID-19 vaccination before the rest of the population
Jan. 6, 2021 – 4% of the total prison population (about 600 prisoners) have been prioritized as vulnerable due to pre-existing conditions and/or age. 30% of all inmates are Indigenous; 42% of women are Indigenous – a population prioritized by health experts
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Systemic Racism in RCMP” – Release of RCMP’s Civilian Review and Complaints Commission (CRCC)report on the RCMP’s investigation and interactions with Colten Boushie’s family after his death in 2016
Mar. 22, 2021 – The CRCC’s report made 47 findings and 17 recommendations to address the deficiencies identified in the RCMPs investigation and discriminatory behaviour to Colten Boushie’s mother Mar. 23, 2021 – The Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs is further extremely concerned at the actions taken in destroying key evidence knowing that this matter would be examined in civil court at a later date. This obstruction of justice by members of the RCMP concerning Colten’s murder is unacceptable to the Chiefs in Manitoba and must be dealt with decisively March 24, 2021 – Bill Blair, Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, issued a statement indicating that The Commissioner of the RCMP has implemented 16 of the recommendations, and is on track to fully implement all of them by April 2021 March 24, 2021 – First Nations chiefs and mayors in the Saskatchewan region where Colten Boushie was killed in 2016 say more needs to be done to combat racism…they’ve issued a group statement vowing to work together on justice and reconciliation
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Legislative Issues” – The “Petty Trespasses Amendment and Occupiers Liability Amendment Act (Petty Trespasses Act)” infringes First Nations Treaty Rights
March 15, 2021 – The government of Manitoba is pushing through legislation without consultation “in an attempt to legislate its way into First Nations’ areas of autonomy and jurisdiction.” (AMC Grand Chief Dumas)
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Federal and Provincial Justice Inquiries” – Québec Racism Report
March 5, 2021 – $19.2M investment to hire additional Indigenous workers responsible for providing crime victims assistance services ($7.7M); an increased deployment of courtworker services for Indigenous people ($6M); Improvement and deployment of interpreter services in Indigenous languages ($5.5 million)
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Court Challenges legal grounds for the retrial
Feb. 21, 2021 – Bradley Barton convicted of manslaughter in his second trial for killing Cindy Gladue
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Legislative Issues” – Critics charge that Bill C-22 “An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act” although a step in the right direction does not go far enough
Feb. 18, 2021 – The fact that the bill does not remove mandatory minimums for more crimes and does not repeal simple drug possession from the Criminal Code was described by lawyers and advocates as a missed opportunity in an otherwise strong bill
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Federal and Provincial Justice Inquiries” – The Manitoba “Aboriginal Justice Inquiry (AJI) Final Report” issued in 1991 made 296 recommendations mostly ignored by successive provincial and federal governments
Feb. 26, 2021 – On Aboriginal Justice Awareness Day, AMC Grand Chief Arlen Dumas called out both the federal and provincial governments on their failure to fully implement the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry (AJI)
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Systemic Racism in Policing” – Vancouver Police Department’s “Trespass Prevention Program” authorizes police officers to remove people without a call for 911 service if they have allegedly violated the provincial Trespass Act.
Jan. 28, 2021 – A coalition of Indigenous, women, Downtown Eastside, and legal organizations are voicing their opposition to the “Trespass Prevention Program“. Indigenous people already experience institutionalized racism in the justice system and a disproportionately high level of stereotyping, surveillance and violence by police
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Systemic Racism in Policing” – Institutional Racism with the Winnipeg Police Services
Jan. 28, 2021 – The Independent Investigation Unit determined that no criminal charges will be laid against the officer who shot and killed 16-year-old Eishia Hudson
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Systemic Racism in Policing – Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments to Indigenous Justice: New Brunswick
Jan. 4, 2021 – Business leaders are joining the call for a public inquiry into systemic racism within the New Brunswick justice system Jan. 15, 2021 – Neither the New Brunswick Prosecutions Service nor the New Brunswick Coroner have released details of the investigation into the police shooting of Chantal Moore conducted by the Quebec-based agency BEI that was delivered to them in December March 24, 2021 – Government of New Brunswick – has appointed a commissioner tasked with engaging all stakeholders to develop an understanding of the nature and impact of systemic racism in the province
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Court Challenges” – A class-action lawsuit filed in federal court challenges the Custody Rating Scale over systemic bias in its security classifications
Jan. 12, 2021 – “CSC’s ongoing use of [the Custody Rating Scale] on Indigenous inmates must be recognized as the product of deliberate and conscious race-based discriminatory treatment of Indigenous inmates that resulted in and continues to result in, longer and harsher prison sentences for indigenous people, especially Indigenous women,” the statement of claim reads in part
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Systemic Racism in RCMP” – AFN Expectations from Federal Government and RCMP after multiple incidents of excessive use of force
Dec. 29, 2020 – Vision150 is the RCMP’s plan to modernize the RCMP and ensure the vision responds to the expectations set out in the Commissioner’s 2018 mandate letter and forms the core of our strategic direction. Vision 150 Tracker tracks progress on four themes: People, Culture, Stewardship and Policing Culture Jan. 27, 2021 – RCMP reconciliation efforts aim to improve community safety and well-being, to enhance investigative standards, and to deliver the highest quality policing services Feb. 16, 2021 – A mandatory online training program called “Cultural Awareness and Humility” that was rolled our last fall for all RCMP members and touted by the commissioner as an example of the force’s efforts to modernize misses the mark on many levels according to experts who have reviewed the program
Justice Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Indigenous Justice
Update to “Issues Against Targeted Groups” – “Lack of Indigenous Women’s Shelters in Inuit Nunangat”
Jan. 26, 2021 – Indigenous Services Canada commits to fund the construction and operations of shelters for Inuit women and children across Inuit Nunangat as well as in urban centres
Call to Action # 26
Review and amend their respective Statutes of Limitations
Update to “Why Not Started?” and NEW SECTION to be added: Provincial and Territory Actions for and against Statutes of Limitation
March 9, 2021 – Bill 51 imposes an ultimate 30-year limitation period for a proceeding respecting existing Aboriginal and Treaty rights that are recognized and affirmed in the Constitution Act, 1982 or an equitable claim by an Aboriginal people against the Crown
Call to Action # 29
Settlement Agreements for those excluded from the TRC process
Update to “Settlements for parties excluded from the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement: St. Anne’s”
March 26, 2021 – Survivors of St. Anne’s Residential school are rejecting Ottawa’s independent review announced on March 18, 2021 outright. Canada hasn’t consulted the survivors with any meaningful dialogue on this new process and without their duty to consult in good faith
Call to Action # 30
Commit to eliminate the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in custody
Update to ‘Why Stalled?”
Jan. 12, 2021 – “CSC’s ongoing use of [the Custody Rating Scale] on Indigenous inmates must be recognized as the product of deliberate and conscious race-based discriminatory treatment of Indigenous inmates that resulted in and continues to result in, longer and harsher prison sentences for indigenous people, especially Indigenous women,” the statement of claim reads in part.
Call to Action # 30
Commit to eliminate the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in custody
NEW SECTION to be added: “Actions to Reduce Overrepresentation of Indigenous People: Federal“
Jan. 2021 –Minister of Justice and Attorney-General of Canada Mandate letter prioritizes addressing systemic inequities in criminal justice system by introducing legislation and making investments that take action to address systemic inequities in the criminal justice system, including to promote enhanced use of pre-and post-charge diversion and to better enable courts to impose sentences appropriate to the circumstances of individual cases Feb. 18, 2021 – First Reading of Bill C-22 “An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act” that would repeal mandatory minimum penalties for all drug offences and some firearm offences and expand the use of conditional sentences
Call to Action # 31
Provide stable funding to implement alternatives to imprisonment
Update to “Why In Progress?”
Feb. 18, 2021 – Bill C-22 “An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act “ repeals the use of Mandatory Minimum sentences for 14 of 67 offences and increase the use of conditional sentencing orders (CSOs) in cases where an offender faces a term of less than two years imprisonment and does not pose a threat to public safety
Call to Action # 31
Provide stable funding to implement alternatives to imprisonment
Update to “Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments to Restorative Justice Programs: Québec”
Mar. 5, 2021 – $6M in funding for an increased deployment of courtworker services for Indigenous people
Call to Action # 31
Provide stable funding to implement alternatives to imprisonment
Update to “Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments to Restorative Justice Programs: BC”
March 30, 2021 – Beginning April 1, 2021, management of B.C.’s Gladue report program will transition from Legal Aid BC to the BC First Nations Justice Council as part of the Indigenous Justice Strategy
Call to Action # 32
Amend Criminal Code to depart from mandatory minimum sentences
Update to “Why In Progress?” Status Change from “STALLED ” to “IN PROGRESS”
Jan. 2021 –Minister of Justice and Attorney-General of Canada Mandate letter prioritizes addressing systemic inequities in criminal justice system by introducing legislation and make investments that take action to address systemic inequities in the criminal justice system, including to promote enhanced use of pre- and post-charge diversion and to better enable courts to impose sentences appropriate to the circumstances of individual cases Feb. 18, 2021 – First Reading of Bill C-22 “An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act” that would repeal mandatory minimum penalties for all drug offences and some firearm offences and expand the use of conditional sentences
Call to Action # 32
Amend Criminal Code to depart from mandatory minimum sentences
New Sections: Legislative progress of Bill C-22
Feb. 18, 2021 – Bill C-22 introduced for First Reading introduces three specific reforms
Call to Action # 34
Reform criminal justice system to address needs of people with FASD
Update to “Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments to FASD Programs: Federal”
March 17, 2021 – $587K over 4 years to fund “New Directions for Children, Youth, Adults and Families Inc” for their project: “The Empower Project” which supports especially vulnerable Indigenous young women who are justice-involved and diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Call to Action # 38
Commit to eliminate overrepresentation of Aboriginal youth in jail
Update to “Programs to Improve Access to Justice for Aboriginal Youth: Federal”
March 2, 2021 – Federal “Youth Justice Fund” is investing $2.5M over 5 years to support Ryerson University for its National Indigenous Courtworkers: Indigenous Youth-Centered Justice Project (IYJP)
Call to Action # 40
Create funded and accessible Indigenous-specific victim programs
NEW SECTION: Aboriginal Specific Victim Impact Programs and Services: Québec
March 5, 2021 – $7.7 million in funding to hire additional Indigenous workers responsible for providing crime victims assistance services
Call to Action # 41
Appoint Public Inquiry into MMIWG
Update to“Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments To End Violence Against Indigenous Women: Federal”
Jan. 26, 2021 – Indigenous Services Canada commits to fund the construction and operations of shelters for Inuit women and children across Inuit Nunangat as well as in urban centres
Call to Action # 41
Appoint Public Inquiry into MMIWG
Update to “Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments To End Violence Against Indigenous Women: Québec”
Jan. 27, 2021 – Université du Québec à Montréal has collaborated with Quebec Native Women to examine how the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) responded to the crisis of MMIWG in Montreal with specific recommendations
Call to Action # 41
Appoint Public Inquiry into MMIWG
Update to “Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments To End Violence Against Indigenous Women: Inuit Nunangat”
Jan. 26, 2021 – Government is committed fund the construction and operations of shelters for Inuit women and children across Inuit Nunangat as well as in urban centres Jan. 27, 2021 – Pinasuqatigiinniq (Inuit for working together collaboratively) Agreement between Pauktuutit Inuit Women Canada and the RCMP MOU formalizes the two organizations’ working relationship, and improves the protection and safety of Inuit women, children and gender-diverse persons
Call to Action # 41
Appoint Public Inquiry into MMIWG
Update to “Federal/Provincial/Territory Commitments To End Violence Against Indigenous Women: Ontario”
Feb. 22, 2021 – New legislation and amendments to existing legislation to build upon the province’s $307 million Anti-Human Trafficking Strategy
Call to Action # 41
Appoint a Public Inquiry into MMIWG
Update to “Response to MMIWG Final Report from Indigenous Organizations“
Feb. 10, 2021 – Native Women’s Association of Canada and the Moosehide Campaign Development Society have signed an historic memorandum committing the two organizations to work together to end the ongoing violence against Indigenous women, girls, and gender-diverse people
Call to Action # 41
Appoint a Public Inquiry into MMIWG
NEW SECTION: Ceremony and Transitions: Culture-based Approaches to Violence Prevention
March 1, 2021 – Ontario Federation of Indian Friendship Centres (OFIFC) has released a comprehensive report demonstrating the connections between youth engagement in cultural rights-of-passage ceremonies and eliminating gender-based violence.
Call to Action # 42
Commit to recognize and implement Aboriginal Justice Systems
NEW SECTION: First People’s Law: Indigenous Law vs Aboriginal Law
Jan. 20, 2021 – Aboriginal Law Report have published an insightful article explaining the differences between Indigenous Law and Aboriginal Law: “Indigenous Laws and Canadian Courts” by Kate Gunn and Cody O’Neil
Equity for Aboriginal People in the Legal System
Call to Action # 50
Fund establishment of Indigenous Law Institutes
NEW SECTION: Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University
Feb. 18, 2021 – The Schulich School of Law introduced the JD Certificate in Aboriginal and Indigenous Law last fall
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “Ontario” – Haudenosaunee Land Protectors…Land Back Lane…. The Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) spent $16.3 million in just half a year policing 1492 Land Back Lane protests (20 peaceful protestors))
March 30, 2021 – Funds covered salaries, round-the-clock overtime, food, hotels, travel costs, supplies, equipment, building rentals and other related expenses between July 2020 and January 2021 to monitor 20 peaceful protesters
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “BC”- Government of BC announcement of continued construction of Site C Dam did not address the impacts on Treaty 8 territory or the fact that significant legal challenges remain outstanding
March 3, 2021 – In February, the Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta issued a Declaration of Indigenous Solidarity calling for the immediate suspension of the Site C project until the Crown’s consultation obligations are fulfilled and until the court has determined West Moberly’s treaty infringement claim
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “Yukon” – Yukon First Nations have been waiting decades for Regional Land Use Plans to balance “conservation values, First Nations’ rights and industrial pursuits”. In the meantime approval is granted to industrial projects to proceed
March 1, 2021 – Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in First Nation and the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun recently sent letters to the Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Board stating that approving the quartz exploration project, called Antimony Creek, without a land use plan for the Dawson region would violate their rights
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “Ontario”– Thunder Bay Community Economic Development Commission (CEDC) Mining Readiness Strategy consultations with First Nations lacking on mines proposed in northwestern Ontario
Feb. 18, 2021 – CEDC consulted with 25 organizations while preparing its strategy report. Yet only one Indigenous organization, the Nishnawbe Aski Development Fund, was asked for its input. 15 proposed mining projects are planned over the next 10 years; the vast majority haver had no consultations with First Nations in the area
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “Alberta” – Governments of Alberta and Canada appealed a lower court decision granting Beaver Lake First Nation a partial advanced cost order allowing them to continue their 10-year court case over their Treaty rights
Jan. 22, 2021 – The Supreme Court of Canada granted Beaver Lake First Nation leave to appeal. The Beaver Lake Cree argued clarity from the Supreme Court was required on how the test for advanced costs applies to a First Nation government charged with managing poverty
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “Ontario” – “Bill 197 (COVID-19 Economic Recovery Act, 2019), rejected by Matawa Chief’s Council
Jan. 14, 2021 – Matawa Chiefs Council reject the Ontario government-imposed deadline of Thursday January 14, 2021 for comments related to Ontario’s proposed revisions of the Far North Act, 2010. The land Ontario refers to as the Far North is predominantly land subject to the James Bay Treaty # 9 (1905-06 and 1929-30)
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “Nova Scotia” – Ongoing refusal of federal government to define “moderate living” fishery
Feb. 3, 2021 – The Sipekne’katik First Nation has filed a court action against the Attorney General of Nova Scotia to challenge a provincial regulation on purchasing fish products, saying it’s unconstitutional Feb. 16, 2021 – The Assembly of Nova Scotia Mi’kmaw Chiefs have worked with the community of Potlotek in the launch of their Netukulimk Livelihood Fishery Plan March 3, 2021 – Department of Fisheries introduced a Moderate Livelihood Fishing Plan that dictates “all MFLPs must be under the regulatory authority of the federal and provincial governments; any future moderate livelihood fishery has to take place within the existing commercial season; and fishery will be conducted under licences issued by her department. The Nova Scotia Mi’kmaw Chiefs and the Sipekne’katik First Nation reject the plan March 30, 2021 – Mi’kmaw lobster harvesters in Nova Scotia have launched legal action against Canada’s attorney general, RCMP, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), and 29 non-Indigenous fishers including the Bay if Fundy Inshore Fishermen’s Association for the events around the launch of the Moderate Living Fishery
UN Declaration Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with the UN Declaration
Update to “Québec” – Innu Nation of Labrador sue Hydro Québec over sale of electricity to the United States
March 30, 2021 – The Penobscot Nation of Maine has joined the Innu of Labrador and Québec and 5 Québec First Nations to call on President Biden and Prime Minister Trudeau to block Hydro-Québec’s plan to build a transmission line to Massachusetts. Their letter calls for a halt to the state-owned utility making billions of dollars in profits without consulting or compensating the First Nations on whose ancestral territories its electricity is produced and through which it will be transported
Call to Action # 43
Fully adopt and implement UNDRIP as the framework for reconciliation
Update to “Indigenous Responses to Tabling of Bill C-15 – The UN Declaration: BC Assembly of First Nations”
Feb. 11, 2021 – Multiple signatories to an Open Letter object to the continuing objections of government and other parties to UNDRIP. “We cannot allow misinformation to stand in the way of realizing our fundamental human rights”
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “Ontario” – “Haudenosaunee Land Protectors…Land Back Lane”The Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) spent $16.3 million in just half a year policing the 1492 Land Back Lane protests (20 peaceful protestors)
March 30, 2021 – . Funds covered salaries, round-the-clock overtime, food, hotels, travel costs, supplies, equipment, building rentals and other related expenses between July 2020 and January 2021
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “BC” – Government of BC announcement of continued construction of Site C Dam did not address the impacts on Treaty 8 territory or the fact that significant legal challenges remain outstanding
March 3, 2021 – In February, the Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta issued a Declaration of Indigenous Solidarity calling for the immediate suspension of the Site C project until the Crown’s consultation obligations are fulfilled and until the court has determined West Moberly’s treaty infringement claim
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “Yukon” – Yukon First Nations have been waiting decades for Regional Land Use Plans to balance “conservation values, First Nations’ rights and industrial pursuits”. In the meantime approval is granted to industrial projects to proceed
March 1, 2021 – Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in First Nation and the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyäk Dun recently sent letters to the Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Board stating that approving the quartz exploration project, called Antimony Creek, without a land use plan for the Dawson region would violate their rights
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “Ontario” –Thunder Bay Community Economic Development Commission (CEDC) Mining Readiness Strategy consultations with First Nations lacking on mines proposed in northwestern Ontario
Feb. 18, 2021 – CEDC consulted with 25 organizations while preparing its strategy report. Yet only one Indigenous organization, the Nishnawbe Aski Development Fund, was asked for its input. 15 proposed mining projects are planned over the next 10 years; the vast majority haver had no consultations with First Nations in the area
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “Nova Scotia” – Ongoing refusal of federal government to define “moderate living” fishery
Feb. 3, 2021 – The Sipekne’katik First Nation has filed a court action against the Attorney General of Nova Scotia to challenge a provincial regulation on purchasing fish products, saying it’s unconstitutional Feb. 16, 2021 – The Assembly of Nova Scotia Mi’kmaw Chiefs have worked with the community of Potlotek in the launch of their Netukulimk Livelihood Fishery Plan March 3, 2021 – Department of Fisheries introduced a Moderate Livelihood Fishing Plan that dictates “all MFLPs must be under the regulatory authority of the federal and provincial governments; any future moderate livelihood fishery has to take place within the existing commercial season; and fishery will be conducted under licences issued by her department. The Nova Scotia Mi’kmaw Chiefs and the Sipekne’katik First Nation reject the plan March 30, 2021 – Mi’kmaw lobster harvesters in Nova Scotia have launched legal action against Canada’s attorney general, RCMP, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), and 29 non-Indigenous fishers including the Bay if Fundy Inshore Fishermen’s Association for the events around the launch of the Moderate Living Fishery
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “Alberta” – Governments of Alberta and Canada appealed a lower court decision granting Beaver Lake First Nation a partial advanced cost order allowing them to continue their 10-year court case over their Treaty rights
Jan. 14, 2021 – The Supreme Court of Canada granted Beaver Lake First Nation leave to appeal. The Beaver Lake Cree argued clarity from the Supreme Court was required on how the test for advanced costs applies to a First Nation government charged with managing poverty
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “Ontario” – “Bill 197 (COVID-19 Economic Recovery Act, 2019), rejected by Matawa Chief’s Council
Jan. 14, 2021 – Matawa Chiefs Council reject the Ontario government-imposed deadline of Thursday January 14, 2021 for comments related to Ontario’s proposed revisions of the Far North Act, 2010. The land Ontario refers to as the Far North is predominantly land subject to the James Bay Treaty # 9 (1905-06 and 1929-30)
Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues with Royal Proclamation and Covenant of Reconciliation
Update to “Québec – “Innu Nation of Labrador sue Hydro Québec over sale of electricity to the United States
March 30, 2021 – The Penobscot Nation of Maine has joined the Innu of Labrador and Québec and 5 Québec First Nations to call on President Biden and Prime Minister Trudeau to block Hydro-Québec’s plan to build a transmission line to Massachusetts. Their letter calls for a halt to the state-owned utility making billions of dollars in profits without consulting or compensating the First Nations on whose ancestral territories its electricity is produced and through which it will be transported
Youth Programs
Call to Action # 66
Multi-year funding for community-based youth programs
NEW SECTION: Ceremony and Transitions: Culture-based Approaches to Violence Prevention
March 1, 2021 – Ontario Federation of Indian Friendship Centres (OFIFC) has released a comprehensive report demonstrating the connections between youth engagement in cultural rights-of-passage ceremonies and eliminating gender-based violence
Museums and Archives
Museums and Archives Home Page
Current Problems and Issue with Museums and Archives
Reports of systemic racism and toxic working conditions within the Royal BC Museum
Jan. 26, 2021 – The First Nations Leadership Council urges the timely completion of the formal Public Service Agency investigation underway as soon as possible so that the provincial government can take all necessary actions to properly address and stamp out the systemic racism and improve the working environment at RBCM
National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
Call to Action # 78
$10M in funding for NCTR + $10M for commitments for reconciliation
NEW SECTION – Missing Children Project
March 10, 2021 – Phase two of the “Missing Children Project“, a $6 million Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) grant to develop a searchable database, and planning for a new archives building
Commemoration
Call to Action # 82
Commission and install a residential school monument in each capital city
Update to “Why In Progress?”
Jan. 27, 2021 – Saskatchewan announced plans to build a Residential School monument at Government House in Regina
Business and Reconciliation
Business and Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Business and Reconciliation
Update to “Individual Business Issues” – Catalyst – A new study “Building Inclusion for Indigenous Peoples in Canadian Workplaces”, found 52% of Indigenous Peoples working in Canada said they are regularly on guard to experiences of bias
Feb. 10, 2021 – Indigenous people, especially women, continue to face some of the workplace’s most entrenched hurdles, including bias and discrimination that impact their health, well-being, and ability to progress
Business and Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Business and Reconciliation
Feb. 8, 2021 – “Efforts to increase business relationships with Indigenous-owned companies are critical to growing the Indigenous economy and expanding economic opportunities in our communities, yet our report finds that only 12 percent of companies are currently disclosing that information.”
Business and Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Business and Reconciliation
Update to “Individual Business Issues” – Clean-up of toxic waste and environmental damage left behind by Giant Mine when they ceased operations in the Northwest territories will cost up to $1B
Feb. 3, 2021 – The Yellowknife Dene First Nation were displaced from their traditional territory and suffered long-term negative social impacts. Only now is the federal government discussing an apology and compensation
Business and Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Business and Reconciliation
Update to “Legislative and Institutional Barriers” – Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in First Nation, on whose territory the vast amount of Yukon’s placer mining takes place along the Indian River, reported receiving a royalties cheque from the government for $65 in 2017
Jan. 26, 2021 – That same year, placer mining along the Indian River accounted for 50 per cent of total placer gold mined in Yukon, according to the Yukon Geological Survey, amounting to more than 350,000 crude ounces of gold. Yukon’s antiquated royalty rates for gold — set into law in 1906 — are famously low at just 37.5 cents per ounce of gold, based on a per-ounce price of $15. In today’s market, one ounce of gold is worth more than $2,300.
Business and Reconciliation Home Page
Current Problems and Issues in Business and Reconciliation
Update to “Legislative and Institutional Barriers” – Department of Fisheries and Oceans supports fish farming industry at expense of commercial salmon fishery”
Jan. 22, 2021 – The First Nations Leadership Council denounces the decision of Norwegian owned Mowi Canada West Inc, Cermaq Canada Ltd and Grieg Seafood BC Ltd to apply to the federal court for an injunction to overturn the Discovery Islands Decision to not renew their fish farm licenses and honour First Nations objections
Call to Action # 92
Adopt UNDRIP as a reconciliation framework, apply to policy and operations
Update to “Other Business Association Commitments“
March 19, 2021 – Canadian Infrastructure Bank launches the “Indigenous Community Infrastructure Initiative (ICII)” with a $1B investment target to enable the building of new infrastructure projects in Indigenous communities
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